The stem cell therapy is the treatment that involves introduction of new cells in to the damaged tissue. Stem cells start differentiating and give rise to new cells on receiving the signal. Stem cells are of three types. They are- adult stem, cells, umbilical cord blood cells and embryonic stem cells. These have been categorized on the basis of their source of isolation. The most common stem cell therapies that are in use these days are as follows- - Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplant
- ASCT: peripheral blood stem cells
- ASCT: bone marrow stem cells
Out of all these, bone marrow transplantation is the widely used approach these days for adult stem cells transplantation. The uses of adult stem cells are many. One is that they do the repairing and maintenance of the tissue where they are present. Leukemia or blood cancer results from the formation of the white blood cells or leucocytes. Leucocytes are formed in bone marrow. Leucocytes when grow are released to fight against the infections. Sometimes they start functioning abnormally. At that stage they cannot fight infection and disturb the functioning of the other organs also. In this therapy, damaged bone marrow and leucocytes are finished with the help of radiation and chemotherapy. Then bone marrow stem cells are substituted by healthy stem cells. The transplant becomes successful when the stem cells start producing healthy leucocytes.
There are large numbers of benefits of stem cells in medical field. They are as follows-
ü Stem cells contribute to human development. Nowadays, scientists are studying hard to know about their differentiation process. Stem cells contribute high towards the treatment of cancer or many birth defects which rise due to stem cells differentiation process. Hence, understanding their developmental process is helping them to treat error related to development.
ü Another benefit of using stem cells is its ability of the formation of cells. Thus, stem cells become a source for providing replacement cells to treat even immortal disease. Some of the diseases that can be cured by stem cells are- Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, cardio disease, Type I diabetes and burn victims.
ü One more benefit of stem cells is in the pharmaceutical fields. It is safe to test new drugs on the stem cells before testing on human and animals.
It has been observed that the usage of stem cells is going to increase in the next few years. It is the belief of most of the doctors that umbilical and embryonic stem cells are more capable to make skin look healthy as compared to adult stem cells. It is being estimated that in the coming time the use of stem cells will grow. This is because stem cells can completely cure the incurable diseases. However, it is just one side and many of others are still to be uncovered.
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